Animals sleep huddled together at the edges of branches to avoid ground-dwelling predators. Branches nearest the top of the tree are chosen, as are trees that border water, predator avoidance involves dropping from trees and swimming away from any potential predators Variable group sizes depending on habitat and ecological conditions. Stable groups each with a home range. Break into sub-groups throughout the day.
Sex ratio 1 adult male: 3 adult females. Females remain in natal group philopatry. Males emigrate from their natal group years of age with their peers before they reach sexual maturity. Males may migrate to other groups many times during their life. Highly social, hierarchical relationships. Organised around matrilines, mothers, daughters and sisters.
Group living necessitates complex social communication skills Can be predominantly terrestrial or arboreal, depending on habitat. Long distances covered when searching for food and water. Across all habitat types, feeding and resting are the major activities; the rest of the time is spent in travelling, grooming, playing and other activities. Sleep huddled together in elevated positions, e. Though these monkeys are good climbers and swimmers , troops spend a lot of time on the ground.
Males are the dominant sex, but they do not remain with troops permanently, so female macaques lead these communities. Because troops include multiple mature males and females, their members are sexually promiscuous. Females usually produce one young each year, which will be raised by its mother within the very social environment of the troop.
Rhesus macaques have an important history with humans and have aided a great deal of medical and scientific research. Rhesus antigens found in their blood enabled doctors to identify the different human blood groups.
These primates also preceded humans into space. All rights reserved. Common Name: Rhesus Macaque. Scientific Name: Macaca mulatta.
Type: Mammals. Diet: Omnivore. Group Name: Troop. Their groups are female orientated. They will remain in a a group up to 4 or 5 years and will emigrate several times throughout their life. Crab-eating Macaques have a strict dominance hierarchy.
Adult males rank higher than females. Female Crab-eating Macaques have a gestation period of — days, the female gives birth to one young. The infants weight at birth is approximately grams.
Infants are born with black fur and this fur will begin to turn to a yellow-green, grey-green, or reddish-brown shade after about 3 months. Young juveniles stay with the mother and relatives playing together forming bonds that may help them when they emigrate from their natal group.
Males that emigrate with a partner seem to be more successful than those that move off alone. Depending on sub-species, the body length of the adult monkey is 38 — 55 centimetres with comparably short arms and legs. The tail is longer than the body, typically 40 — 65 centimetres. Males are considerably larger than females, weighing 5 — 9 kilograms compared to the 3 — 6 kilograms of female individuals.
The Celebes Crested Macaque lives in the northeast of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi Celebes as well as on smaller neighbouring islands. The Celebes Crested Macaques skin and hairless face is, with the exception of some white hair in the shoulder range, entirely black. The Celebes Crested Macaque Monkey has a long muzzle with high cheeks and the long hair tuft, or crest, at the top side of the head.
Their tail is only 2 centimetres of stub. With a total body length of 45 to 60 centimetres and a weight of 7 to 10 kilograms, it is one of the smaller macaque species. The Celebes Crested Macaque is a diurnal rainforest dweller.
It lives in groups of 5 to 25 individuals. Smaller groups have only a single male, while larger groups have up to 4 males. The females, however, always outnumber the males by about 4 to 1. Since young males must leave their birth group upon maturity, they sometimes form bachelor groups before they look for an existing mixed group.
Communication consists of various sounds and gestures. Female gestation period is days and the birth of a single young happens in the spring when food is more plentiful. Infant monkeys are nursed approximately for one year and become fully mature in 3 to 4 years, females somewhat sooner than males.
The Celebes Crested Macaques life span is approximately 20 years. The total population of the macaque on Sulawesi is estimated at 4, — 6,, while a booming population of up to , monkeys are found on Bacan, an island in Indonesia.
The skin of the Lion-tailed Macaque is dark-brown or black and its most outstanding characteristic is the silver-white mane which surrounds the head from the cheeks down to its chin, which gives this monkey its German name of Beard Ape.
The Lion-tailed Macaque Monkeys hairless face is black in colour. The Lion-tailed Macaque Monkey has a head-to-tail length of 45 to 60 centimetres and a weight of 3 to 10 kilograms and is one of the smaller macaques. Their tail is medium length and measures around 25 centimetres and has a black tuft at the end, similar to a lions tail. The Lion-tailed Macaque is a diurnal rainforest dweller. They are good climbers and spend most of their life in the trees.
Unlike other macaques, it avoids humans. In group behaviour, it is much like other macaques as it lives in hierarchical groups of usually 10 to 20 individuals, which consist of some males and many females. It is a territorial animal, defending its area first with loud cries towards the invading troops.
They are able to easily adapt to mangrove forests, distributed throughout a variety of island habitats, feeding on native fruits and subsequently competing with native birds. Benefit s : The crab-eating macaques were extensively used as the laboratory animal for the research and development of the polio vaccine.
In addition, they help in the distribution of introduced plant species. Threat s : Some believe that the Crab-eating macaque is responsible for the extinction of forest birds in and the destruction of agriculture, raiding crops sugar cane and eating food such as rice and taro plants. Crab-eating macaques threaten critical bird breeding areas. Control Level Diagnosis: The control level does not seem to be a high priority in all the areas it inhabits. The level of control varies from virtually no protection to being well-protected depending on the region.
There seems to be some regulation through export regulations but none that are extensive. The crab-eating macaque inhabits two sanctuaries, nine national parks, and nine reserves.
They receive some protection in temple ruins where they are hand fed on a regular basis. The crab-eating macaque is legally protected in the parks and urban forests of Malaysia.
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