In the s, relatively liberal South Africans, missionaries, and the small Black intelligentsia began to use the term "Bantu" in preference to "Native". After World War II, the National Party governments adopted that usage officially, while the growing African nationalist movement and its liberal allies turned to the term "African" instead, so that "Bantu" became identified with the policies of apartheid.
Bantu Civilization Wikido. Long after the West Bantu migration, a second Bantu migration began—this one toward the east. Sometime before B. Known as the Interlacustrine Bantu, these peoples learned new farming methods from neighbors in eastern Africa who spoke Cushitic and Sudanic languages. They raised livestock—particularly cattle—and practiced agriculture , growing grain crops such as sorghum. Bantu women eventually married Sudanic and Cushitic men and raised their children to speak the Bantu language.
Between about B. Two specific developments brought steady prosperity to this region after A. The first was the emergence of plantain farming. The second was pastoralism—a way of life in which cattle were driven from place to place in search of new grazing land. Both plantains a bananalike fruit and cattle produced a reliable year-round supply of food, enabling communities to grow in size and complexity.
The Bantu founded new settlements, created a new style of pottery, and developed new social and political ties. As already noted, this process of absorption was being pursued by the Xhosa in the 18th and early 19th Cs. Contacts with the outside world prior to the Portuguese circumnavigation of Africa. After the spread of Islam across north Africa, Islam too was carried south into Africa. Along the Nile, Islam did not penetrate beyond the northern Sudan.
In fact, except for a small trade in slaves which only became significant in the second half of the 19th C, there was virtually no contact or penetration with the southern Sudan or beyond. Islam too spread along the sudanic areas south of the Sahara. It was the gold that was the initial spur for Portuguese exploration southwards along the Atlantic coast in hopes of being able to get to the source and bypass the Islamic middlemen in north Africa.
The main evidence of their contact are some trade goods that have been found by archeologists in the Zambesi River basin and perhaps some plants. It is the plural of the word 'umuntu', meaning 'person', and is based on the stem '--ntu' plus the plural prefix 'aba'. This original meaning changed through the history of South Africa.
Although the linguistic and grammatical structure of the different languages had similarities, it is important to note that the Bantu-speaking peoples are not a homogenous group. How these languages spread into southern Africa remains uncertain. Today archaeologists agree that the forbears of such Bantu speakers as the Kalanga, Karanga, and Venda achieved a height of material cultural development in the tenth and fifteenth centuries.
They built beautiful structures, pits and fortresses, including the Zimbabwe Ruins , which spread across Zimbabwe into Botswana. These fortresses are also found at Mapungubwe and other places in the northern regions of South Africa.
Whites first encountered Bantu-speakers in the eastern Cape in the 16th century, and in the central interior at the beginning of the 19th century. Wihelm Bleek first used the word 'Bantu' in his publication Comparative Grammar of South African Languages as a classificatory name. Under Dr. Van Warmelo who worked for the Department of Native Affairs. A publication in by J. The Department of Native Affairs changed its name to the Department of Bantu Administration and Development, and the word became despised by Africans as it was associated with Apartheid and inferior treatment.
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